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(135) 1. The catalytic dealkylation of toluene to benzene involves recycling of unreacted toluene after removal of byproduct phenylbenzene. Figure 1 pictures a flow sheet of the process. Conversion of toluene per pass is 25%; the yield of benzene (based on toluene consumed) per pass is 75% Reactions: Toluene + H2 $\rightarrow$ Benzene + CH4 (1) 2 Benzene $\rightarrow$ Phenyl Benzene + H2 (2) Hydrogen make up H2/CH4 =1:1 Toluene Fresh feed Toluene = 100 mol H2/T =5:1 Toluene Recycle Using the information shown on the process flow sheet determine the following (25) a. the extent of reaction for both reactions. (25) b. the composition of the purge stream. (25) c. the recycle ratio for both the gas (from mixer 2) and toluene recycle streams (25) d. the ratio of hydrogen makeup per mole of toluene feed. (15) e. What separation processes might you suggest for separators 1 and 2? (10) f. Explain the meaning of dealkylation (10) g. Write down the chemical formula for phenylbenzene
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The extent of reaction for reaction (1) can be calculated using the conversion of toluene per pass, which is 25%. The extent of reaction is defined as the ratio of the moles reacted to the moles fed. Since the stoichiometric ratio between toluene and benzene in Show more…
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Can you give a brief process description for the production of benzene via the hydrodealkylation of toluene? (I have provided the PFD for reference, if needed) V-101 P-101A/B E-101 H-101 R-101 C-101A/B E-102 V-102 V-104 E-103 E-106 T-101 E-104 V-103 P-102A/B E-105 Toluene Feed Reactor Recycle Gas Reactor High Pressure Low Pressure Tower Benzene Reflux Product Storage Feed Pumps Preheater Heater Compressor Effluent Phase Separator Feed Reboiler Column Condenser Drum Pumps Cooler Drum Cooler Heater Fuel Gas Toluene E-101 HPS Combustion Products [660 - E-104 1112 C-101A/B V-101 V-104 E-103 V-102 Hydrogen P-101A/B P-102A/B Air Fuel Gas R-101 101-H E-102 MPS Benzene E-106 E-105 V-103 Figure 1.5: Process flow diagram (PFD) for the production of benzene via the hydrodealkylation of toluene
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A liquid mixture containing 30 mole% benzene (B), 25% toluene (T), and 45% xylene (X) is fed at a rate of 1275 kmol/h to a distillation unit consisting of two columns. The bottoms product (B1) from the first column is to contain 99 mole% X and no B, and 98% of the X in the feed is to be recovered in this stream. The overhead product (P1) from the first column is fed to a second column. The overhead product (P2) from the second column contains 99 mole% B and no X. The benzene recovered in this stream represents 96% of the B in the feed to this column. a. Draw and completely label the above process. b. Perform the degree of freedom analysis. c. Calculate the molar flow rates (kmol/h) and component mole fractions in each product stream from both columns. (P1=707, B1=568, P2=371, bottom product of the second column, B2=337) (mole fraction of overhead product leaving distillation 1; B=0.541, X=0.0162, T=0.4428. Mole fraction of bottom product leaving distillation 2; B=0.0455, X=0.0341, T=0.9204)
A distillation column is separating a mixture of benzene, toluene, xylene, and cumene. The feed to the column is 5.0 mol% benzene, 15.0 mol% toluene, 35.0 mol% xylene, and 45.0 mol% cumene. The feed rate is 100.0 kmol/h and is a saturated liquid. We wish to produce a distillate that is 0.57895 mole fraction xylene, 0.07018 mole fraction cumene, and the remainder is toluene and benzene. The bottoms should contain no benzene or toluene. If we select toluene as the reference component, the relative volatilities are approximately constant in the column at the following values: benzene = 2.25, toluene = 1.0, xylene = 0.33, and cumene = 0.21. a. Find the distillate and bottoms flow rates. b. Find the minimum number of stages.
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